SCIENCE & EDUCATION

pp.63-77

pp. 20-35

pp. 36-47

pp. 48-71

Spatial, time and energy characteristics of a copper vapor laser (CVL|) have been investigated in the one convex mirror mode using the most powerful industrial sealed-off active elements (AE) of “Kulon” series: 15 W GL-206D model and 20 W GL-206I one; the laser capabilities for microprocessing of materials are defined. The main advantage of one mirror mode is that one high quality beam with a high stability of directivity pattern axis is formed in CVL thereby increasing the quality of microprocessing.At small radii of mirror curvature (R = 6-30 mm) the CVL output radiation beam divergence can differ from diffraction limit only by 2-3 times (0.15-0.35 mrad), and a peak power density in a focused spot can reach 10⁹…10¹⁰ W/cm² values. The use of CVL with one mirror as a driving oscillator (DO) in a copper vapor laser system (CVLS) of the type: driving oscillator – spatial filter- collimator – power amplifier (DO – SFC – PA) using 30-50 W industrial “Crystal” AEs in PAs allows to increase peak power density up to 1011 W/cm², sufficient for efficient and qualitative microprocessing of materials up to 1 mm thick.

Using empirical and statistic data, the paper considers regularities for developing and implementing the high and critical technologies in innovative projects management. Obtained mathematical models allow justification of technique to use CASSR (computer-aided systems of scientific research) of high and critical technologies and CASPE (computer-aided systems of production engineering) thereby continuously managing the innovative project. This technique is to increase an efficiency of innovative project management for a long-term period provided that computer-aided (automated) systems are used at all stages.

The paper presents the research results of fidelity spatial contours done by Fanuc M-710iC/50 industrial robot when moving along a predetermined path. The proposed method uses a QC20-W ballbar wireless system of Renishaw company, designed to diagnose the state of the measurement and playback linear and angular displacements of the CNC. The solutions to adapt the QC20-W ballbar system to the constructive peculiarities of industrial robots with five or more independently controlled axes are presented. The stages of the preparation of diagnostic systems and software robot movements are described. According to study results of errors that arise while playing back the programmed motions of a fixed point of robot capture in three mutually perpendicular planes its practiсal accuracy has been defined when performing movements in a given region of the working area, thereby allowing us, eventually, to draw a conclusion on the possibility to use a robot in one technological process or another.

The article considers the problems of manufacturing blades with high precision profile geometry. It analyzes existing processes of making precision blades and illustrates the blade basing systems that are used in the manufacturing process. Their advantages and disadvantages are marked.  The article offers the option to install the blade preform, the main advantage of which is simplicity of the base forms. The special attention is paid to the difficulties with control of the geometric parameters of blades airfoil. A represented technology under development excludes the use of mechanical methods for processing the blades airfoil. Based on this analysis, the author argues that the application of the proposed process to manufacture precision compressor blades ensures producing the items that meet the requirements of the drawing.

By the present time a great number of compounds and alloys with a shape memory effect has been known. The alloys based on titanium nickelide are the most widely spread. In space engineering there is a task of breaking a fuel conduit when separating the spacecraft from the rocket in space technology.The paper examines a procedure for design calculation of separating device of conduit using the Ti-Ni alloy (nitinol). This device can be used instead of the pyro-knives.The device contains two semi-rings from Ti-Ni alloy. In the place of break on the conduit an annular radius groove is made. At a temperature of martensite passage the semi-rings undergo deformation and in the strained state are set in the device. With heating to the temperature of the austenitic passage of bushing macro-deformation the energy stored by the nitinol bushing is great enough to break the conduit on the neck. The procedures for design calculation and response time of device are given.

The research of the influence of the excavation process of butt-end vacuum arc evaporator on the angle distribution of the evaporated material flux was carried out. Coating profile of flat extended substrate placed perpendicular the cathode surface was measured at various working duration and different extends of excavation of vacuum arc evaporator cathode. According to the obtained profiles the angle distribution of the material flux was reconstructed. The normalized dimensionless angle distribution of the material flux was formed according to various extends of cathode excavation and the comparison with distribution of flat point source according to Lambert-Knudsen law was made.

The article substantiates the urgency of the problem to estimate the industrial uncertainty factors in calculating the necessary equipment quantities when designing the manufacturing facilities in machinery building. It presents a new approach and a mathematical technique for calculating the necessary equipment quantity under conditions of multiproduct versatile manufacturing. The causes of internal and external uncertainties and methods for predicting their levels are presented. The article gives an example for calculating the necessary equipment quantities for the NC-machinery facilities. The approach proposed can be used in designing the manufacturing facilities of mechanical assembly production.

The paper considers interaction and mutual influence of two external mechanical energy sources used in cutting process with the outstripping plastic deformation (OPD). One of these sources provides preliminary deformation of material while another one removes a layer of material in the сhipping form. The paper presents an approximate physical model of the mechanism of preliminary hardening of material, which acts on technological efficiency of the cutting method with OPD. It presents the standard regularities of the method efficiency, which changes depending on the load rate of preliminary deformation of material and makes physical justification that the optimum values of such load are available when machining with OPD.

The articles concerns the constructional ceramics (CC) diagnostics based on the aluminum oxide. Relevance of the article subject of is caused by the need to have in a technical arsenal of the technologist methods of express-diagnostics, which can be applied at the stage of technological preparation of CC production. Their absence, today, considerably complicates the fine-tuning technology and prohibits from obtaining the latest information about operational dynamic properties of this material. The article presents the comparison results of the micromorpholodgy analysis of KK chips after static and dynamic influence. It analyses the obtained results and draws conclusions on a possibility to use an ultrajet diagnostics method at the stage of production in addition to tests using the solid-state drummers. The article gives justification for efficiency of ultrajet diagnostics methods, considers the prospects of its practical application in manufacturing products from KK.

The article aims at solving a problem concerning the express evaluation of the wear-resistant nanostructure coatings quality using the method of ultra-fluid jet examination. Conducted research activities have shown that an intensity of the coating delamination from the substrate depends on the stress concentration level in the test sample. The proposed informatively methodological procedure of ultra-fluid jet examination will allow prompt estimation of physical-and-mechanical parameters and operational condition of coatings being deposited on samples and passed fatigue loading. The offered procedure can be effectively used for selecting the coating material, substrate, and efficient modes of application.

The paper shows that renovation may be considered as a part of all industrial and manufacturing processes one of the objectives of which is to increase the objet resource or extend its lifecycle. It conditionally divides the renovation technologies into extension and resource renewal technologies of the object under renovation as well as into industrial and resource extension technologies at the stage of manufacturing a new product. It is stated that initial billets in renovation technologies can be not only billets damaged during operation phase. The initial billets also may be products of blank and metallurgical manufacturing, a diversity of tangible objects and materials damaged in manufacturing or lost their performances while in operation.

This work is a continuation of studies on an important issue of galvanic production that is providing water and recovery of valuable chemical compounds based on a design concept of a proposed operation module with a countercurrent movement of a fluid in a distributed flushing system. The article provides results of numerical calculations of the primary process and repeated jet-dynamic flushing of blind holes filled with liquid pollution by short liquid jets. In order to ensure an effective removal of contaminants, the method was justified for cross-feed of details relating to multi-nozzle heads.

The paper presents a control algorithm for an adaptive hydro-pneumatic spring with smooth changes in the elastic characteristic during the impact of various kinds of dynamic and kinematic disturbances. Analysis of the control object, which allowed to propose a common structure of the automatic control system, was performed. Particular attention was paid to description of control principles inherent to the computing device; the main constraints in the synthesis of the desired elastic properties were also emphasized. Basic options for controlling electro-hydraulic equipment, which can be used in the control system, were described; their brief comparison was conducted. The final part of the article demonstrated working capacity of the developed algorithm by testing it on a mathematical model of a hydro-pneumatic spring. The authors draw a conclusion that the developed control method has several advantages over traditional control methods and could be implemented, using a hardware base available for the domestic industry.

In this paper the authors consider a design technique of a two-step manufacturing process of a bell-shaped detail with the use of overlapping of operations at one step. Those operations were drawing, pressing and expanding. Dependences for determination of the work-piece dimensions of the first step of drawing which are the diameter and thickness of a round work-piece, were presented in this article. The authors give recommendations on determining dimensions of a cylindrical cup produced at the first step of drawing, namely the diameter and height of a cylindrical cup along with the maximum and minimum wall thicknesses. An example of production engineering of a sheet-metal stamping for manufacturing a specific bell-shaped detail, using an overlapping of operations mentioned above. Results of experimental verification of the manufacturing process developed according to the proposed method were also presented in this paper.

The authors consider extracting combined with swaging and distribution as a method to intensify the processes of sheet metal forming allowing to produce a conical workpiece which has a funnel-shaped opening with a large coefficient of deformation for one technological transfer in one molding tool. During the study of extracting combined with swaging and distribution computer modeling AutoForm software was used. The authors consider influence of friction on the process of forming; they evaluated changes in thickness of the funnel-shaped opening and in deformation forces with different values of friction coefficient. The authors also considered the effect of distribution on force parameters of the combined extracting and final dimensions of the product.

Conditions of milling cut of work pieces made of aluminum alloys by end mills were considered in this article. The authors analysed parameters of the cross-section cutting layer, shear angle, contact pressure on working surfaces of the tooth’s cutting edge. A technique for calculating power, torque and contact pressure from a tool’s cutting edge on the processed surface during milling cut by end mills was developed. The method was designed for taking into account the restrictions on power parameters of the milling process when selecting operational parameters. In the experimental part of this work cutting properties of interlocking and solid hard-alloy end mills were investigated during milling of grooves, pockets, ledges in work pieces made of aluminium alloys.